Adaptation of listeria phage serovar specificity through targeted rbp. Results of the host specificity test indicated that the phages for salmonella typhi and e. At least two of the broadhostrange bacteriophages mediated generalized transduction. The tail proteins are thought to be involved in host recognition, and confer the phage host range specificity hashemolhosseini et al. Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages with lytic.
Most phage are specific for one species of bacteria and many are only able to lyse specific strains within a species. However, in conventional methods, such as plaque assay, target host strains must be isolated, although almost all environmental prokaryotes are recalcitrant to cultivation. This is referred to as the host range of the phage. These include the ability to bind and enter cells, to replicate the viral.
Host range expansion of pseudomonas virus luz7 is driven by a. Since phage adsorption on host cell is related to the specificity of the tail fibres, the host range of mu is determined by which orientation of this invertible g segment is present in the virus. A continuous evolution system for contracting the host range of. Many researchers have alteredthespecificity of phagestowards nonnative hosts. Adsorbtion attachment to host cell via specific receptors a phage t4 uses lps core polysaccharide b phage lambda uses lamb protein for maltose uptake c phage ms2 uses fpili conjugation pili d others use other proteins, teichoic acids, flagella 2. The wide host range ip008 phage was classified by transmission electron microscopy analysis as an a2 morphotype member of the myoviridae family of the order caudovirales. Further rounds of manual model building with coot emsley et al. This host recognition specificity is conferred by receptor binding domains rbds that are found in either the tailspike or tail fiber protein assemblies of the virions. Oct 08, 2016 ip088 tothe lytic but narrowspectrum phage t2ledto an expansion of the t2 host range without loss of lytic function 37. However, combining the powerful engineering technologies to carry out specificity swapping between phages by complete swapping of entire sets of proteins is novel. The host range is also a function of an incompatibility between the biochemistry of the virus and the biochemistry of the host. One phage in particular, se, is able to lyse 51 out of the 61 salmonella strains tested.
Viral specificity refers to the specific kinds of cells a virus can infect. This specificity forms the basis of numerous phage typing methods for the identification o. Isolation, characterization and analysis of bacteriophages. Nov 28, 2018 the host range of an influenza a virus is determined by species specific interactions between virus and host cell factors. Here, we introduce a novel phage host range evaluation method using fluorescently. Structural protein profiles the molecular weights of the structural polypeptides ranged from 10 to 100 kda. Host range is a key property for phage therapy as well as the biology of bacteriophages in general. Host range of certain virulent and temperate bacteriophages attacking group d streptococci. Apr 25, 2019 host range analysis revealed that the bacteriophages exhibited high specificity for their host bacteria and did not infect other bacteria strain tested.
If the results with the two kinds of mutant are to be given a consistent interpretation, it has to be assumed that different host range mutations, unlike the r mutations, tend to occur at a single genetic locus. Structural proteins head, tail that comprise the phage as well as the proteins needed for lysis of the bacterial cell are separately synthesized. May 24, 2018 the tail fiber and tail spike are appendages in the phage tail that facilitates the initial binding of the phage to the bacterial host and have roles in host specificity determination 28. Hostspecificity is a continuum from extreme specialists with a host range restricted to a single host species, to socalled generalists which have a broad host range. Bacteriophage therapy against plant, animal and human pathogens zsolt doffkay1, dora domotor2, tamas kovacs2, gabor rakhely1,3 abst bacteriophages are specific infective agents of various bacteria. Bacteriophage host range and bacterial resistance pdf wag. Host range modification of some phages has been achieved, most often. Pdf use of fluorescently labeled phage in the detection and. Characterization of a newly isolated phage infecting. Dec 01, 2015 extension of phage host range by isolating mutant phages with altered ligandrecognition properties, crossing species barriers, had also been shown previously.
Mar 21, 2019 the three bacteriophages exhibited broad host range activity. They identify their hosts by specific receptor molecules on the outside of the host cell. Reconstitution oft5tails withpb2from bf23, and ofbf23tails with pb2 from t5, did not alter the host receptor specificity ofthe tails. Host range describes the breadth of organisms a parasite is capable of infecting, with limits on host range stemming from parasite, host, or environmental characteristics.
Phage are very choosy as to what bacteria they infect. Receptor binding proteins rbps are key determinants of bacteriophage host range. Host range, one of the central traits to understand in phages, is determined by a range of molecular interactions between phage and host throughout the infection cycle. Determinants of phage host range in staphylococcus species. The first contact between an infecting phage and its bacterial host is the attachment of the. They can be ract divided into various groups according to their life cycle. The evolved phages carried mutations that changed their specificity, as determined by sequencing of the genes encoding the rbps. Characteristics of a series of three bacteriophages infecting. Host range studies with five bacteriophages isolated from sewage showed that a high degree of strain specificity occurred among the species streptococcus faecalis, s. Bacillus subtilis, bacteriophage, escherichia coli, host range, sewage. These tails failed to inhibitphageadsorption, andnoreconstitution wasachieved. Two bacteriophage collections were examined with regard to their ability to form plaques on multiple bacterial host species. Reprogramming bacteriophage host range through structure. Characterization of a bacteriophage with broad host range against.
Understanding bacteriophage specificity in natural microbial. Sitespecific recombination of t2 phage using ip008 long tail. This method allows known phage strains to be modified to infect specific strains of bacteria. Programming bacteriophages by swapping their specificity. The binding between phage and host can be so specific that only certain strains of a single species can be infected. The specificity of interaction between phage attachment structures and hostcell surface receptors influences the bacterial host range. It could be concluded from the present study that the bacillus and coli phage has wide host range and thus exhibits the potential to be used as drug substitute tool against common bacterial pathogens. Jan 01, 2019 the host range of a bacteriophage is the taxonomic diversity of hosts it can successfully infect.
The host range or host specificity of a parasite is the collection of hosts that an organism can use as a partner. Salmonella and campylobacter are major causes of foodborne. The host range of a bacteriophage is the taxonomic diversity of hosts it can successfully infect. Moreover, the phage host range was readily extended within three different. Irreversible binding to receptor bacteriophages t5 and bf23. In some cases the early phage proteins actually degrade the host chromosome. The viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages, or simply phages. Rather than searching the environment for bacteriophage specific to a particular bacterial strain, sandia researchers developed a method to propagate known phage strains and mutate them in a way that expands their host range. Howeve r, the hostspecificity of an insect can be further differentiated according to how acceptable andor suitable hosts are relative to each other.
The bacterial host range of phage is generally narrower than that found in the antibiotics that have been selected for clinical applications. The high number and specificity of mutants suggests the presence of an. Three microliters of phage stock 10 8 to 10 11 pfu ml. Similarly, although not an example of host range expansion, yoichi et al. Introduction bacteriophages are viruses which have. Bacteriophage comes in many different sizes and shapes. Rather than searching the environment for bacteriophages specific to a particular bacterial strain, sandia researchers developed a method to propagate known phage strains and mutate them in a way that expands their host range. Jul 01, 2015 assessment of host range of phage isolates. Investigating the determinants of host range specificity of. Nov 08, 2018 implications for viral host range and virulence stefan rothenburg1, and greg brennan1 a growing number of studies indicate that host speciesspeci. However, having a wide host range is not common and viruses will typically only infect specific hosts and only specific cell types within those hosts. Bacteriophage host range evolution through engineered enrichment.
Viruses free fulltext diversity and host specificity. The word phage comes from the greek word for devour. Phages are viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells. Phages are natural killers of bacteria, their use as antibacterial treatments can be harnessed to treat bacterial infections. Group 1, the sn series, was isolated from sewage treatment plant samples with sphaerotilus natans atcc 338 as a host. The basic structural features of bacteriophages are which depicts the phage called t4 1. One goal of this study was to determine the specificity of phage for particular samrsa isolates, with the expectation that some phage would have a broader tropism than others due to presenceabsence of phage receptor molecules or intracellular restriction mechanisms. However, the combination of experimental and genomic approaches with the.
Extension of phage host range by isolating mutant phages with altered ligandrecognition properties, crossing species barriers, had also been shown previously. The application of bacteriophages phages in therapy urgently requires the production of wide host range recombinant phages that possess strong lytic activity. Host range profiling revealed host specific patterns of susceptibility and resistance, with several phages identified that have a broad host range i. Extending the host range of bacteriophage particles for dna. Adaptation of listeria phage serovar specificity through targeted rbp variations. Prevalence of broadhostrange lytic bacteriophages of. Using the temperate, narrow host range psa scaffold, they construct virulent phages with extended and defined host specificities. It is regulated by the specificities of attachment, penetration and replication of the virus receptors properties of viruses. The host range is usually a function of an inability of the virus to successfully adsorb andor enter cells because of an incompatibility between virus capsid proteins or virus envelope proteins and the host receptor molecule.
Host and viral determinants of influenza a virus species. The phages revealed different host ranges within serovars and strains of. The phage nucleic acid takes over the host biosynthetic machinery and phage specified mrnas and proteins are made. Penetration injection of phage dna into cell eclipse period of latent period 3. Therapeutic characterization and efficacy of bacteriophage. Several phage types may infect a single bacterial species.
Characterization of a bacteriophage with broad host range. Bacteria in the genus staphylococcus are important targets for phage therapy due to their prevalence as pathogens and increasing antibiotic resistance. A method for evaluating the host range of bacteriophages. Particularly, wide host range bacteriophages would be. To determine phage host range and the bacterial susceptibility to specific phages, a cross infectivity test where all bacterial strains were exposed to all individual phage stocks was performed. Certain phages were able to attack various members of these subgroups but not other members. Isolation of hostspecific bacteriophages from sewage against. The wide host ranges of phages ar1 and lg1 suggest that they may be useful as biocontrol, therapeutic, or diagnostic. Pdf diversity and host specificity revealed by biological. Parasites can adapt to overcome host or environmental limitations, while hosts can adapt to control the negative impact of paras.
Large variabilities in host strain susceptibility and phage. One of the advantages of phage therapy is that the specificity of phage host range spares nonpathogenic microbes from being killed during treatment. A narrow host range limits the number of bacterial types with which selection for specific phage resistance mechanisms can occur hyman and. Once the phages find their specific receptors, they bind to the bacterial cell and inject their nucleic acid inside the cell. Morphological, host range, and genetic characterization of two. This is due to a combination of factors including specificity of phages host binding proteins, biochemical interactions during infection, presence of. Molecular and evolutionary determinants of bacteriophage host. The evaluation of bacteriophage phage host range is a significant issue in understanding phage and prokaryotic community interactions.
There are other physiological or genetic properties of cells that influence the ability of certain phage to replicate in them, for example the. Nine of 10 phages studied were found to be broad host range bacteriophages. The ability of a phage to attach to specific cell surface molecules is 19 considered the primary determinant of host range. Host range spectrum of species or genera that support virus replication a specific virus cannot infect all species tissue specificity cell types that a specific virus can infect basis for host range narrow host range single or few species example.
In the present work, we have isolated and characterized a new bacteriophage, named pseudomonas phage brsp1, and investigated its host range against 36 p. We emphasize that there is currently insufficient evidence to make broad generalizations about phage host range in natural populations, the. That is, viruses infect specific cells or tissues of specific hosts, or specific bacteria, or specific plants. Pdf understanding bacteriophage specificity in natural microbial. Isolation and host range of bacteriophage with lytic activity. Bacteriophage host range and bacterial resistance request pdf.
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